(转载自InfoWorld,<a href=”http://www.infoworld.com/article/05/01/25/HNfuturechallenges_1.html?source=NLC-TB2005-01-25″连接)
一群英国科学家(BCS,英国计算机学会)提出了未来计算机研究的几项”巨大挑战”,他们希望这些挑战能够像九十年代以来人类基因组计划推动生命科学的发展那样推动计算领域的革命。这些雄心勃勃的目标包括制造量子计算机,建立无故障系统(可靠系统,dependable systems),以及巨细靡遣地模拟生命。
这七大挑战是(翻译水平有限,请指正):
– Architecture of brain and mind(人类大脑和思想的体系结构): Once seen as a matter for philosophical debate, explaining the connection between the brain (as computing machinery) and the mind (as a virtual software machine) is increasingly becoming a scientific problem of interest in the development of information processing systems;
– Memories for life(记忆生命): As we all accumulate personal digital memories such as e-mail and photos, it will become necessary to manage the information gathered over a human lifetime. The challenge is to allow people to gain maximum benefit from these auxiliary memories, while maintaining their privacy;
– In vivo - in silico(从有机生命导硅晶片): Through the human genome project, IT has already brought life sciences forward by leaps and bounds, but the next step is to make possible the computer simulation of entire living organisms, allowing scientists to examine a plant, animal or colony of cells in virtual reality, from the cellular scale on upwards, and at different speeds from freeze-frame to faster than life;
– Dependable systems evolution(可靠系统): A new technological product or system is dependable if, from its initial delivery, it justifies the confidence of its users in its soundness, security and serviceability. When the design of a system evolves to meet new or widening or changing market needs, it should remain as dependable as on initial delivery. Dependability in the face of evolution is currently a significant challenge for software systems, on which society increasingly depends for its entertainment, comfort, health, wealth and survival;
– Science for global ubiquitous computing(全局普适计算): Many of us already carry several computing devices (cell phone, laptop, organizer) that communicate with one another and with others further afield, but such communications sometimes fail, as software interacts in unexpected ways. The goal of this challenge is to develop a scientific basis for the design and engineering of a global, ubiquitous computing infrastructure so that the results of interactions between devices are entirely predictable — or, simply put, that they work as we want them to;
– Scalable ubiquitous computing systems(可扩展的普适计算系统): Not only do we want our devices to interact predictably and reliably, we also want them to interact with every other conceivable device — but the complexity of many systems grows much faster than the number of nodes in the system. Computing engineers need scalable design principles: developing and applying them is the goal of this challenge;
– Journeys in nonclassical computation(非经典计算): Classically, computation is viewed mathematically in terms of algorithms, but there are other ways to look at it. These include rethinking the rigid classification schemes computers use and turning to others based on family resemblance or on metaphor; taking advantage of the behavior of materials at the molecular or subatomic scale to perform calculations in different ways (nanotechnology, quantum computing); using statistical models to compute how sure we can be that the answer lies in a particular range, rather than trying to calculate its exact value; and finally, seeking inspiration from biological systems to develop properties such as auto-immune or evolving hardware.
英国计算机学会的报告中详细讨论了这七大挑战,包括每一项的最终目的,未来十五年所需的研究,以及涉及到的领域。这些讨论对于早期的研究非常详细,但是对于长期更倾向于预测和展望。这里是报告的详细内容(PDF格式,英文)。